I haven't been able to replicate the de-evolution. I am still able to level up normally after evolving to Aegislash. Though, with the XP bar in a negative state the pokemon will continue to level up until the xp amount reaches a positive value. I fought a random pokemon for around 11500 XP and that amount of XP boosted my Doublade to level 89 (From 78).
If Aegislash de-evolves and I encounter this again I will update. As far as I know, Aegislash de-evolved twice with normal play just going through the Sinnoh story.