I have no objective answer for question 2, but I believe it is just as rare on most routes it appears in.
As for question 1, by fishing you may encounter all Pokemon you normally encounter by surfing in addition to all fishable Pokemon. This alone (I believe) is what makes some fishable Pokémon such as (Shellder?) Staryu and Dratini so rare.
I'm pretty sure you require a Super Rod for Shellder. I've personally tried to fish for both Shellder and Staryu using a Good Rod for two in-game nights each to no avail. They only showed up using the Super Rod.